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This depends on the severity of the disease. The patient should see a trustworthy Muslim physician and ask the physician if fasting for his/her particular case would be harmful.
If fasting will harm the person slightly —according to reliable physicians— a person is then allowed not to fast and expiate (pay Fidyya) for missing the fast days of Ramadan.
If fasting is difficult and will cause a person direct harm, fasting then will not be allowed for such a person and he or she will have to pay Fidyya instead.