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There are three opinions of scholars regarding the fate of the parents of the Prophet, upon him be peace and blessings, and they are summarized as follows:
The first opinion:
Scholars say the Prophet’s parents are in Hellfire. Abu Hanifa, Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Katheer held this view, and Mulla Ali bin Sultan claimed consensus on this opinion.
عن أنس بن مالك -رضي الله عنه- قال: (أنَّ رَجُلًا قالَ: يا رَسولَ اللهِ، أيْنَ أبِي؟ قالَ: في النَّارِ، فَلَمَّا قَفَّى دَعاهُ، فقالَ: إنَّ أبِي وأَباكَ في النَّارِ).
رواه مسلم
And they quoted as evidence the hadith in which the Prophet, upon him be peace and blessings be upon him, told that his father was in Hell. On the authority of Anas bin Malik, may God be pleased with him, he said: (A man said: O Messenger of God, where is my father? He said: He is in Hell. When he stood up and started leaving, he called him and said: My father and your father are in Hell.” Narrated by Muslim
قال -عليه الصلاة والسلام-: (اسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَبِّي أنْ أسْتَغْفِرَ لِأُمِّي فَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لِي، واسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ أنْ أزُورَ قَبْرَها فأذِنَ لِي).
رواه مسلم
They also inferred this opinion because of the hadith in which the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I asked my Lord to ask forgiveness for my mother, but he did not permit me, and I asked his permission to visit her grave, so he permitted me. Narrated by Muslim
The second opinion:
Scholars don’t hold any judgment on this matter and leave it undecided without judging the Prophet’s parents to heaven or hellfire.
Taj al-Din al-Fakhani, Imam al-Sakhawi, and Shams al-Haq al-Azim Abadi went to this saying. Taj al-Din said: “God knows best about the condition of his parents,” and al-Sakhawi said not to object to prove or deny their fate.
The third opinion:
Scholars say that the Prophet’s parents are in heaven, and this saying was held by Al-Suyuti, Al-Sindi, Al-Taher bin Ashour, Muhammad Al-Jaziri, Muhammad Al-Ghazali, Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, Ibn Hajar Al-Haytami, Ibn Shaheen, and this saying was also held by the Egyptian council of Ifta, and others.
Some of them inferred this because the parents died before the message of the Prophet, upon him be peace and blessings, and the invitation did not reach them, and others inferred that they were on the religion of Abraham, upon him be peace; It is monotheism.
Others say that God Almighty revived them from death for the Prophet, upon him be peace and blessings, at the end of his life, and they embraced Islam.